Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA vs. SendOwl: At a Glance
- Deep Dive Comparison
- The Alternative: Unifying Commerce, Content, and Community Natively
- Conclusion
- FAQ
Introduction
Adding digital products, online courses, or community elements to a Shopify store introduces a critical decision for merchants: selecting the right app to manage and deliver these assets. The choice impacts not only operational efficiency but also the overall customer experience and potential for revenue growth. Fragmented systems can lead to disjointed customer journeys, increased support inquiries, and missed opportunities for upselling and cross-selling.
Short answer: For merchants prioritizing straightforward file delivery with a clear pricing model and high satisfaction, Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA presents a compelling option. However, for those needing advanced security features and robust integration with a broader marketing and sales ecosystem, SendOwl offers a more expansive toolkit, despite its lower reported merchant satisfaction. Ultimately, evaluating solutions that reduce operational friction and keep customers within the Shopify environment can simplify the decision process.
This analysis provides a feature-by-feature comparison of Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA and SendOwl, two prominent Shopify apps designed to facilitate digital product sales. The goal is to equip merchants with a clear understanding of each app's capabilities, limitations, and ideal use cases, enabling an informed decision that aligns with specific business objectives and growth strategies.
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA vs. SendOwl: At a Glance
| Aspect | Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA | SendOwl |
|---|---|---|
| Core Use Case | Secure file delivery for various digital goods. | Comprehensive digital product delivery with advanced security. |
| Best For | Merchants prioritizing simple, high-satisfaction file delivery, especially for digital art, e-books, software, and general downloads. | Brands needing robust security for their digital assets, extensive integrations, and features like video streaming and subscriptions. |
| Review Count & Rating | 31 reviews, 5.0 rating | 91 reviews, 2.5 rating |
| Native vs. External | Operates within Shopify context for delivery, focused on in-store integration. | External platform with strong Shopify integration for delivery; some features managed externally. |
| Potential Limitations | Fewer advanced features for courses/community; smaller integration list. | Higher, more complex pricing; lower merchant satisfaction reported. |
| Typical Setup Complexity | Relatively straightforward for basic file attachments and delivery. | Moderate, due to broader feature set and integration options. |
Deep Dive Comparison
Understanding the nuances of each app beyond a surface-level glance is crucial for merchants. This section meticulously dissects Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA and SendOwl across several key dimensions, providing a granular view of their capabilities and limitations.
Core Features and Product Delivery
The fundamental purpose of both apps is to deliver digital products securely and efficiently. However, their approaches and specific feature sets vary, catering to different merchant needs.
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA: Feature Overview
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA positions itself as a streamlined solution for merchants focused on selling a wide array of digital files directly through their Shopify store. Its core strength lies in its simplicity and reliability for file management and delivery.
Key features highlighted include:
- Broad File Support: The app facilitates the sale of diverse digital content, including PDFs, videos, templates, e-books, digital art, and software. This flexibility allows a wide range of creators and businesses to monetize their digital assets.
- Flexible File Attachment: Merchants can easily attach multiple digital files to products or their variants, providing granular control over what customers receive based on their purchase choices.
- Secure File Delivery: Features like download limits and secure downloads are built-in, offering control over how customers access their purchases and mitigating unauthorized sharing.
- License Key Management: The inclusion of unlimited license keys is a significant advantage for merchants selling software, digital courses that require activation, or other products where unique access credentials are essential. This feature ensures each customer receives a unique key, which is crucial for managing access and preventing piracy.
- Unique Files per Order: The ability to sell unique files for each order, such as custom art or personalized digital products, adds a layer of customization that can be valuable for niche businesses.
- Unlimited Orders and Products: Beyond the free plan, paid tiers offer unlimited orders and digital products, ensuring scalability as a business grows without incurring per-product overage fees.
The app's emphasis on seamless integration with the Shopify environment for file attachment and delivery suggests a native feel for the merchant's workflow.
SendOwl: Feature Overview
SendOwl offers a more expansive suite of features, particularly focusing on advanced security, diverse digital product types, and broader sales functionalities like subscriptions and bundles. It targets merchants who require a more sophisticated platform for their digital offerings.
Key features include:
- Extensive Digital Product Delivery: SendOwl supports instant delivery for a comprehensive range of digital items, from presets and LUTs to MS office files, sample packs, TTRPG modules, maps, PDFs, videos, courses, and e-books. The explicit mention of "courses" and "videos" indicates a focus beyond simple file downloads, hinting at more robust content delivery capabilities.
- Advanced Security Measures: This is a standout feature for SendOwl. It includes PDF stamping (watermarking PDFs with buyer details), expiring download links, file locking, streaming limits for video content, and per-order download attempt limits. These measures are designed to significantly protect digital assets from unauthorized distribution.
- Video Streaming: The ability to stream video content without requiring downloads is crucial for online courses and video-based educational material, providing a smoother user experience and better content protection.
- Automated Delivery: Files or keys are automatically delivered immediately after checkout, streamlining the customer's post-purchase experience.
- Bundles and Subscriptions: SendOwl extends its capabilities beyond one-time purchases to include digital product bundles and subscription models, allowing merchants to create recurring revenue streams and increase average order value.
- Analytics and Reporting: Access to reports on order information, delivery data, and income helps merchants track performance and make data-driven decisions.
SendOwl's feature set positions it as a versatile platform, capable of handling complex digital product ecosystems, especially where security and diverse monetization models are priorities.
Comparison of Core Offerings
When comparing core functionalities, Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA excels in providing a highly focused, reliable, and user-friendly experience for direct digital file sales with essential security. Its high rating from fewer reviews suggests strong satisfaction among its user base for this specific purpose. Merchants primarily selling digital art, e-books, or software where license keys and secure direct downloads are key will find its offerings robust.
SendOwl, on the other hand, offers a broader and more sophisticated toolkit, especially with its advanced security features, video streaming, and support for subscriptions and bundles. Its explicit mention of "courses" and "videos" positions it as a more suitable option for content creators who are building educational platforms or selling premium video content. However, its lower average rating despite a higher review count suggests that while it offers extensive features, some users might experience friction or find the complexity challenging. For brands needing a simple, standalone course platform, Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA is solid for basic files, but for more structured learning experiences, SendOwl presents a more developed offering, albeit with potential usability trade-offs reflected in its reviews.
Customization and Branding Control
Maintaining a consistent brand identity is vital for any Shopify merchant. The ability to customize the customer's digital product delivery experience to match the store's aesthetic impacts professionalism and customer trust.
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA: Branding Capabilities
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA provides specific tools for branding the post-purchase experience:
- Own Brand and Email: Merchants can use their own brand elements and email for download pages and notifications. This ensures that the communication and delivery feel integrated with the merchant's brand, rather than a generic third-party interface.
- Customization Options: The app allows adding fonts, logos, and colors to the download page, which helps in maintaining a cohesive brand experience from checkout through to product delivery. This level of customization on the download page is important for reinforcing brand identity.
These features ensure that the digital delivery process is an extension of the merchant's storefront, fostering a consistent and professional brand image.
SendOwl: Branding and User Experience
SendOwl’s description implicitly suggests branding capabilities through its integration with the Shopify checkout and customer accounts. While specific "customization" features like adding fonts or colors to a dedicated download page are not explicitly detailed in the provided data, a platform focused on a seamless buyer journey would typically offer some degree of brand alignment for emails and download portals.
Its "Works With" list includes "Checkout" and "Customer accounts," which implies that the delivery process is designed to fit within the existing Shopify customer journey, thus leveraging Shopify's native branding. The focus on instant delivery and secure access aims to provide a reliable, frictionless experience which is a form of brand consistency.
Branding and Customer Journey Comparison
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA explicitly details customization options for the download page, giving merchants direct control over the look and feel of the final interaction point with the customer. This direct control is a clear advantage for brands that prioritize a highly polished and branded delivery experience.
SendOwl, while not detailing specific download page aesthetic controls, implies brand consistency through its integration with core Shopify elements like checkout and customer accounts. The emphasis appears to be on secure, automated, and instant delivery rather than deep visual customization of the delivery page itself. For merchants whose primary concern is security and functionality, this might be sufficient. However, for those aiming for an end-to-end, visually branded customer journey that extends even to the download portal, Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA offers more explicit controls. The unified login experience is a critical factor here; if customers are redirected to a generic external page, it can dilute brand trust.
Pricing Structure and Value Proposition
The cost of an app and how it scales with business growth is a critical factor for merchants. Both apps employ different pricing models, impacting their value proposition for various business stages.
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA: Pricing Analysis
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA adopts a predictable, storage-based pricing model, with a significant free tier and escalating storage and feature sets across paid plans.
- Free Plan: Offers 500MB storage, 15 orders, 3 products, and unlimited license keys. This is a robust free tier for new merchants or those with very low volume.
- Pro Plan ($12.99 / month): Provides 10GB storage, unlimited orders, unlimited digital products, and unlimited license keys. This is a substantial leap for growing businesses, offering unlimited usage for a flat, modest fee.
- Max Plan ($19.99 / month): Includes everything in Pro, with 5x more storage (50GB), custom sender email, and priority support. This plan caters to businesses with larger file sizes or higher volume content.
- Enterprise Plan ($25.99 / month): Expands on Max with 20x more storage (1000GB), custom email domain, and priority support. This tier is designed for high-volume content creators or large digital product libraries.
The pricing model is straightforward: a flat monthly fee primarily determined by storage needs, with unlimited orders and products on all paid plans. This predictability is a significant advantage for merchants planning content ROI without surprise overages as their sales grow.
SendOwl: Pricing Analysis
SendOwl utilizes a more complex pricing structure based on both order volume and sales volume, with escalating costs and features across its tiers.
- Starter Plan ($39 / month): Includes a 7-day free trial, limits of up to 5,000 orders per year and $10,000 USD sales per year. It comes with 10GB storage and supports up to 20 products. This entry-level plan is considerably more expensive than Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA's equivalent, with significant limitations.
- Standard Plan ($87 / month): Also includes a 7-day free trial, raising limits to 25,000 orders per year and $36,000 USD sales per year. It offers 50GB storage and supports up to 100 products, along with priority support.
- Pro Plan ($159 / month): Features a 7-day free trial, with limits of up to 50,000 orders per year and $100,000 USD sales per year. This tier provides unlimited storage and products, plus priority support.
SendOwl's pricing rapidly increases with sales and order volume, which can become costly for successful merchants. The product limits on lower plans also restrict inventory expansion. Merchants must carefully consider their projected growth in both orders and revenue to evaluate the long-term cost of scaling membership and usage.
Cost-Benefit and Scalability Comparison
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA offers better value for money, especially for merchants with high order volumes but relatively consistent storage needs. Its flat-rate, storage-based pricing ensures predictable costs, which is beneficial for businesses seeking to minimize variable expenses as sales increase. For many digital product sellers, 10GB or 50GB of storage is ample, making the Pro or Max plan a highly cost-effective choice for unlimited sales and products.
SendOwl's pricing structure, tied to both order and sales volume, can quickly become expensive. A merchant with a high volume of lower-priced digital products could quickly hit the order limit for their plan, necessitating an upgrade even if their total sales revenue is modest. Conversely, a merchant selling high-value, low-volume digital products might find the sales cap restrictive. While it offers unlimited storage and products on its highest tier, the $159/month price point is a significant investment. Merchants must compare plan costs against total course revenue, carefully projecting their growth to avoid unexpected price jumps. For a growing business, securing a fixed cost structure for digital products is often preferable.
Integrations and “Works With” Fit
How well an app integrates with other tools in a merchant's tech stack significantly impacts workflow efficiency and overall business capabilities.
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA: "Works With" Overview
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA's listed integrations are focused on the immediate post-purchase customer journey within Shopify:
- Thank you page: This integration ensures that download links are accessible directly on Shopify's order confirmation page, providing instant access for customers.
- Email Page Customizations: This likely refers to the ability to customize the email notifications containing download links, aligning them with brand aesthetics.
These integrations suggest a lean, purpose-built solution that focuses on core digital delivery within the Shopify ecosystem, without extensive third-party tool connectivity.
SendOwl: "Works With" Overview
SendOwl boasts a more extensive list of integrations, indicating its design as part of a broader marketing and sales ecosystem:
- Checkout: Seamless integration with Shopify's checkout process, likely for instant delivery and order processing.
- Customer accounts: This is crucial for managing customer access to digital products, enabling repeat downloads or access to purchased content via their Shopify account.
- Fraud apps: Integration with fraud detection tools is important for protecting digital sales, which can be vulnerable to chargebacks or unauthorized purchases.
- Google Analytics: Provides valuable insights into customer behavior and sales performance related to digital products.
- Linkpop: A tool for selling via social media, implying direct integration for digital product sales.
- Stripe: A major payment gateway, confirming robust payment processing capabilities.
- Zapier: A powerful automation tool that allows SendOwl to connect with thousands of other apps, significantly expanding its integration potential for marketing, CRM, and other business functions.
SendOwl's wider range of integrations indicates a platform designed to fit into a more complex digital business operation, supporting various sales channels, analytics, and automation workflows.
Ecosystem Compatibility and Strategic Integrations
For merchants, the choice in integrations depends on their existing tech stack and future expansion plans. Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA's integrations are minimal but directly support the primary function of digital delivery within Shopify's native flow. This makes it ideal for merchants who prefer a simpler, less intertwined system.
SendOwl, with its explicit integrations for customer accounts, analytics, payment gateways, and especially Zapier, offers much greater flexibility for businesses that rely on a diverse ecosystem of tools. The ability to connect with fraud apps adds a layer of protection that some merchants might find essential for high-value digital goods. The presence of customer account integration is critical for a smooth customer experience, allowing purchasers to access their files repeatedly without friction. Both apps work with the Shopify checkout, which is fundamental, but SendOwl's broader compatibility enables more sophisticated automation and tracking.
Customer Support and Reliability Cues
The reputation of an app, reflected in its reviews and support offerings, provides crucial insights into its reliability and the merchant experience.
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA: Support and Reviews
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA holds a perfect 5.0 rating from 31 reviews. This is a strong indicator of high customer satisfaction for those who use the app. A perfect rating suggests that users find the app to be highly effective for its stated purpose, easy to use, and reliable. While the number of reviews is lower compared to some other apps, the consistent 5-star feedback speaks to a quality product and potentially responsive support for its specific user base. The "Max Plan" and "Enterprise Plan" explicitly mention "Priority Support," indicating a tiered support structure.
SendOwl: Support and Reviews
SendOwl has 91 reviews, but its average rating is 2.5. This significantly lower rating, despite a higher number of reviews, suggests that a notable portion of its user base encounters issues or finds the app does not fully meet their expectations. A 2.5 rating often points to challenges with usability, bugs, customer support responsiveness, or discrepancies between advertised features and real-world performance. "Priority support" is mentioned for its "Standard" and "Pro" plans, indicating that basic support may be less prioritized or slower for lower-tier customers. Checking merchant feedback and app-store performance signals is crucial here, as a low rating can indicate friction points within the customer journey or complex feature usage.
Reliability and Merchant Trust Factors
The disparity in ratings between the two apps presents a clear contrast in perceived reliability and user experience. Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA's 5.0 rating, while from a smaller pool, suggests a highly dependable and satisfactory experience for its users. Merchants can approach this app with a higher degree of confidence regarding its core functionality and developer support for its specific use case.
SendOwl's 2.5 rating is a significant concern that warrants careful consideration. While it offers a broader feature set, the lower rating might indicate that the implementation of these features, the ease of use, or the quality of customer support falls short for a substantial number of users. For merchants, this could translate into higher operational overhead, increased support tickets from customers, or difficulty in fully leveraging the app's advanced capabilities. Assessing app-store ratings as a trust signal becomes particularly important when comparing these two options. Merchants would need to read the reviews thoroughly to understand the specific pain points users are experiencing with SendOwl before committing to its higher-priced plans.
Performance and User Experience
The overall user experience, both for the merchant managing digital products and the customer purchasing them, is paramount. This includes factors like ease of setup, login flows, and general performance.
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA: Customer Experience Focus
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA is designed for ease of use, focusing on a streamlined process for both merchant and customer. For the merchant, attaching files to products is presented as simple. For the customer, the instant delivery via the "Thank you page" and customizable email ensures a quick and branded receipt of their digital goods.
The app's focus on selling "under your own brand and email" and "adding fonts, logo, colors to download page" emphasizes a consistent, in-store experience. This approach helps keep customers within the merchant's brand ecosystem, minimizing redirects to unfamiliar external sites that can cause confusion or reduce trust. The absence of complex features might contribute to a generally smoother and faster experience for its specific digital download use case.
SendOwl: Customer Experience and Security
SendOwl prioritizes secure and instant delivery. Its features like PDF stamping and expiring download links are geared towards protecting the merchant's assets, which indirectly contributes to a reliable customer experience by ensuring legitimate buyers receive their content without issues. The ability to stream video without downloads also points to a focus on user convenience for certain content types.
Integration with "Customer accounts" is a crucial aspect of user experience, allowing customers to log into their Shopify account to access their purchases. However, the lower average rating might indicate potential friction points in the customer journey, such as login issues, difficulties accessing content, or challenges with the download process for some users, despite the stated aim of seamless delivery. Issues related to account access or content delivery can significantly impact customer satisfaction and lead to increased support inquiries.
Streamlining the Customer Journey
When considering the customer's journey, the primary difference lies in the balance between simplicity and advanced functionality. Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA focuses on a simple, direct, and branded download experience, which is often less prone to issues stemming from complex integrations or external platforms. The strength lies in keeping the experience as "native" as possible for core file delivery.
SendOwl's broader feature set, while powerful for security and diverse content types, also introduces more potential points of failure or complexity that could impact the customer experience. The critical aspect is whether the integration truly feels native or if customers are implicitly (or explicitly) aware they are interacting with an external system. Disjointed branding or separate checkouts can create friction, leading to reduced customer loyalty and potentially higher churn. A unified login that reduces customer support friction is an ideal outcome for any digital product delivery system. For many merchants, keeping customers at home on the brand website for their digital content needs is a strategic advantage, especially when it comes to maintaining a consistent experience and driving repeat purchases.
The Alternative: Unifying Commerce, Content, and Community Natively
While Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA and SendOwl offer valid solutions for selling digital products, they represent a segment of the market that often requires merchants to integrate various tools to achieve a comprehensive digital strategy. This can lead to platform fragmentation, where courses live on one platform, communities on another, and physical products on Shopify, resulting in separate logins, disjointed branding, and broken customer data. Such a fragmented approach can erode customer loyalty, complicate marketing efforts, and ultimately increase operational overhead.
The strategic goal for many growing brands is to keep their customers "at home" within the Shopify ecosystem, creating a single, cohesive experience. This is where an all-in-one native platform like Tevello provides a distinct advantage. Tevello is designed from the ground up to be a Shopify-native platform, allowing merchants to sell online courses, digital products, and build communities directly within their store. This philosophy removes the need for customers to navigate external sites or manage multiple logins, providing a truly unified login that reduces customer support friction.
By integrating directly with Shopify checkout and accounts, Tevello ensures that digital products live directly alongside physical stock. This means customers can purchase a physical product, an online course, or a subscription to a community in a single, seamless transaction, leveraging the familiar and trusted Shopify checkout process. This approach is instrumental in maintaining consistent branding and a seamless experience that feels like part of the store. Brands can offer powerful product bundles, combining physical goods with exclusive digital courses or community access, without requiring customers to jump through hoops or leave their website.
Merchants utilizing native solutions see tangible benefits, as demonstrated in various success stories from brands using native courses. For example, some brands have successfully implemented strategies for bundling physical kits with on-demand digital courses, leading to significant improvements in customer lifetime value. One specific example illustrates lifting lifetime value through hybrid product offers, showcasing a 59% returning customer rate and increasing AOV by 74% for those returning customers. This data underscores the power of a unified approach in boosting customer engagement and revenue.
Adopting an all-in-one native platform can significantly impact a business's scalability and profitability. It offers all the key features for courses and communities without the complexity of managing multiple external integrations. This simplifies operations, allowing merchants to focus on content creation and community building rather than technical troubleshooting. When considering the financial implications, an approach that provides a predictable pricing without hidden transaction fees becomes attractive. This allows businesses to scale their digital offerings without being penalized by per-user fees or escalating transaction costs as their community grows.
For businesses looking to implement a comprehensive content strategy, examples of successful content monetization on Shopify highlight the benefits of keeping the entire customer journey, from browsing to learning, within one branded environment. This ensures that every touchpoint reinforces the brand, leading to stronger customer relationships and greater customer lifetime value. Whether it’s selling digital products, building an engaged community, or offering online courses, a truly native solution ensures native integration with Shopify checkout and accounts, ultimately creating a more cohesive and profitable ecosystem for the merchant.
Conclusion
For merchants choosing between Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA and SendOwl, the decision comes down to a careful assessment of specific needs, budget, and tolerance for complexity. Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA excels as a highly-rated, straightforward solution for secure file delivery with predictable, storage-based pricing. It is ideal for merchants primarily selling digital goods like e-books, software, or digital art who prioritize ease of use, a branded download experience, and transparent costs. Its excellent reviews for its core functionality make it a reliable choice for direct digital product sales.
SendOwl, conversely, offers a more feature-rich environment, particularly for advanced security measures like PDF stamping, video streaming, and support for subscriptions and bundles. Its broader array of integrations makes it suitable for merchants operating within a complex marketing and sales ecosystem. However, its higher, volume-based pricing structure and a lower average merchant rating suggest potential challenges in usability or overall satisfaction for some users, which must be weighed against its advanced capabilities. For businesses prioritizing robust security features and extensive integrations, SendOwl can be a powerful tool, provided they are prepared for its cost structure and potential complexities.
Beyond these two options, a strategic shift towards natively integrated platforms like Tevello offers a compelling alternative for merchants seeking to unify courses, community, and commerce directly within their Shopify store. This approach fundamentally changes how digital products are sold and delivered, eliminating platform fragmentation and the friction of separate logins. By keeping the entire customer journey "at home" on the merchant's website, native platforms can amplify sales through seamless bundling of physical and digital products, significantly reduce customer support tickets related to access issues, and foster stronger community engagement. This integration is crucial for maintaining consistent branding and optimizing the entire customer lifecycle, as seen by brands successfully implementing a simple, all-in-one price for unlimited courses. To build your community without leaving Shopify, start by reviewing the Shopify App Store listing merchants install from.
FAQ
What are the main differences in pricing models between Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA and SendOwl?
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA primarily uses a storage-based, flat-rate monthly fee for its paid plans, offering unlimited orders and products. This provides predictable pricing. SendOwl's pricing is significantly higher and based on both annual order volume and sales volume, which can lead to escalating costs as a business grows, potentially creating unpredictable expenses for scaling.
Which app is better for selling online courses with video content?
SendOwl is explicitly designed to handle video streaming and offers advanced security features like streaming limits, making it more suitable for selling online courses with video content. Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA focuses more on general digital file delivery and does not highlight specific course or video streaming features. However, a native platform that supports native integration with Shopify checkout and accounts for video courses within the store can simplify the process significantly.
How do merchant reviews and ratings compare for these two apps?
Digital Downloads ‑ MEGA boasts a perfect 5.0 rating from 31 reviews, indicating high user satisfaction for its specific feature set. SendOwl has a lower average rating of 2.5 from 91 reviews, which suggests that a notable portion of its users may experience challenges or dissatisfaction, despite its broader feature offering.
How does a native, all-in-one platform compare to specialized external apps?
A native, all-in-one platform, such as Tevello, integrates directly into the Shopify store, allowing courses, communities, and digital products to live alongside physical goods. This eliminates platform fragmentation, separate logins, and disjointed branding, creating a seamless customer journey. Specialized external apps, while potent for their specific functions, often require customers to leave the merchant's site, potentially leading to a fragmented user experience, increased support inquiries, and missed opportunities for unified analytics and marketing. A native platform typically ensures keeping customers at home on the brand website for all their content needs.


